H ? «‹←→›»

Language peer sets for ALGOL 68:
International↑
International/1968↑
Designed 1968 ↑
1960s languages ↑
Third generation↑
High Cold War↑
Genus True ALGOL68s ↑
Numerical Scientific ↑
True ALGOL68s↑
Generation of Algol 68↑
Algol family ↑
True ALGOL68s/1968↑
Generation of Algol 68/1968↑
Algol family/1968↑
True ALGOL68s/International↑
Generation of Algol 68/International↑
Algol family/International↑
Numerical Scientific ↑
Numerical Scientific/1968↑
Numerical Scientific/aa ↑

ALGOL 68(ID:311/alg019)

3rd generation ALGOL

alternate simple view

Country: International
Designed 1968
Published: 1968
Genus: True ALGOL68s
Sammet category: Numerical Scientific

1968 Adriaan van Wijngaarden et al.

Discussed from 1963 by Working Group 2.1 of IFIP.

Definition accepted Dec 1968.

ALGOL 68 was complex, and posed difficulties for both implementors and users. But it was also the first truly universal language.

Structural equivalence. Automatic type conversion, including dereferencing. Flexible arrays. Generalized loops (for-from-by-to-while-do-od), if-then-elif-fi, integer case statement with 'out' clause, skip statement, goto. Blocks, procedures and user-defined operators. Procedure parameters. Concurrent execution (cobegin/coend) and semaphores. Generators heap and loc for dynamic allocation. No abstract data types, no separate compilation.

a) In designing the Algorithmic Language ALGOL 68, Working Group 2.1 on ALGOL of the International Federation for Information Processing expresses its belief in the value of a common programming language serving many people in many countries.

b) ALGOL 68 is designed to communicate algorithms, to execute them efficiently on a variety of different computers, and to aid in teaching them to students.

Ob Dict - despite the fury of the Algol 60 afficianadoes in the face of Algol 68, it was a very well thought through experiment in language design. It is instructive to read the disgust that SHARE memebers like Bernstein felt at the arrival of Algol 60 after the beauty of Algol 58, which they thought required so little to fix it up!

An imperative read is Lindsay 1972, which is a large introductory article that is also a fully functional Algol 68 Program

Structures:

Array

Related languages

ALGOL 60 Revised	→	ALGOL 68		Evolution of
ALGOL W	→	ALGOL 68		Influence
ALGOL X	→	ALGOL 68		Evolution of
ALGOL Y	→	ALGOL 68		Evolution of
Generalized ALGOL	→	ALGOL 68		Evolution of
		ALGOL 68	→ALGOL 68 Revised	Revision
		ALGOL 68	→Algol 68 with areas	Augmentation of
		ALGOL 68	→ALGOL 68+	Superset
		ALGOL 68	→ALGOL 68C	Variant
		ALGOL 68	→ALGOL 68-R	Subset
		ALGOL 68	→ALGOL 68S	Subset
		ALGOL 68	→Algol H	Extension of
		ALGOL 68	→ALGOSIM	Based on
		ALGOL 68	→B	Influence
		ALGOL 68	→Buckle data structure language	Incorporated some features of
		ALGOL 68	→BUILD	Based on
		ALGOL 68	→ELAN	Implementation
		ALGOL 68	→FLACC	Implementation
		ALGOL 68	→GNOSIS	Preprocessor for
		ALGOL 68	→GRAAP	Extension of
		ALGOL 68	→Icon	Augmentation of
		ALGOL 68	→IFP	Influence
		ALGOL 68	→LINUS	Influence
		ALGOL 68	→Mary	Superset
		ALGOL 68	→Mesa	Implementation
		ALGOL 68	→Minority report Algol 68	Reaction to
		ALGOL 68	→NB	Incorporated some features of
		ALGOL 68	→OREGANO	Implementation
		ALGOL 68	→PACOL	Influence
		ALGOL 68	→Pascal	Influence
		ALGOL 68	→PEARL	Based on
		ALGOL 68	→RTL/2	Subset

Samples:

Primes
Tree merging
Matrix multiplication

References:

1963

van Wijngaarden, Aad (1963) van Wijngaarden, Aad "Generalized Algol" pp 17-26
in Goodman (ed) (1963) Goodman, Richard (ed) "Annual Review in Automatic Programming" (3) 1963 Pergamon Press, Oxford

1969

van Wijngaarden, A. (1969) van Wijngaarden, A. (ed.) et al. Report on the algorithmic language Algol 68. pp79-218 Online copy
in (1969) Numerische Mathematik, 14 1969

1970

Berry, Daniel M. (1970) Berry, Daniel M. "The importance of implementation models in ALGOL 68: or how to discover the concept of necessary environment" pp14-24 Extract: doi Abstract Extract: THe necesary environment
in [SIGPLAN] (1970) SIGPLAN Notices 5(09) September 1970
Golde, H. (1970) Golde, H. review of A. van Wijngaarden et al 1969 Abstract
in (1970) ACM Computing Reviews 11(10) October 1970

1971

Branquart, P.; Lewi, J.; Sintzoff, M.and P.L. Wodo (1971) Branquart, P.; Lewi, J.; Sintzoff, M.and P.L. Wodon: "The composition of semantics in Algol 68"
in [ACM] (1971) [ACM] CACM 14(01) Jan 1971

1972

Baecker, H. D. (1972) Baecker, H. D. "On a missing mode in ALGOL 68" pp20-30 Abstract DOI
in [SIGPLAN] (1972) SIGPLAN Notices 7(12) December 1972
Lindsey, CH (1972) Lindsey, CH "ALGOL 68 with fewer tears" pp176-188 Abstract Online copy Extract: Introduction
in The Computer Journal (1972) The Computer Journal 15(2) 1972
Rosen, S. (1972) Rosen, S. "Programming Systems and Languages 1965-1975" Abstract DOI
in [ACM] (1972) [ACM] CACM 15(07) (July 1972)

1973

Sammet, Jean E. (1973) Sammet, Jean E. "Roster of Programming Languages for 1973" p147
in (1974) ACM Computing Reviews 15(04) April 1974

1974

Gennart, P. E.; Haentjens, R.; Horne, R.; Lathuy, (1974) Gennart, P. E.; Haentjens, R.; Horne, R.; Lathuy, L.; Mathieu, J. "Portability of an ALGOL 68 compiler"
in van der Poel, Maarsen (eds) (1974) Machine Oriented Higher Level Languages (van der Poel, Maarsen, editors) North Holland 1974
John Hoskyns and Co (1974) John Hoskyns and Co "Decision tables - Evaluation of programming and systems techniques" Central Computing Agency London 1974
Leavenworth and Sammet (1974) Leavenworth, Burt M.; Sammet, Jean E. "An overview of nonprocedural languages" pp1-12 Abstract
in [VHLL 1974] (1974) Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN symposium on Very high level languages, March 28-29, 1974, Santa Monica, California, United States

1976

Branquart et al. (1976) Branquart et al. "An Optimized Translation Process and Its Application to ALGOL 68", LNCS 38 Springer-Verlag 1976
Houssais B., Production syst�matique de tests comm (1976) Houssais B., Production syst�matique de tests command�e par une grammaire. Application � la validation d'un compilateur Algol 68. Th�se, IRISA, Universit� de Rennes, 1976
Pagan, F.G. (1976) Pagan, F.G. "A Practical Guide to Algol 68", Wiley, 1976
Pagan, FG (1976) Pagan, FG "On interpreter-oriented definitions of programming languages" Abstract Online copy
in (1976) The Computer Journal 19(2) May 1976
(1976) The Higher Order Language Working Group (HOLWG) Working Paper on 23 exisitng programming languages
Wichmann, B. A. (1976) Wichmann, B. A. "Ackermann's function: a study in the efficiency of calling procedures" BIT 16 (1976), pp103-110 Abstract Extract: Introduction Extract: Ackermann's function Extract: Acknowledgements Extract: Results of tests (altered to include authors where known) Extract: Program listing Extract: Properties of the algorithm Extract: Notes on the results and Factors influencing the execution speed Extract: Conclusion

1977

Bennett, M. (1977) Bennett, M. W. Implementation of a PDP11/ICL1900 cross assembler in Algol 68R pp153-156
in [Proceedings] (1977) Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 conference Glasgow, Scotland 1977
Braid, I. C. and Hillyard, R. C. (1977) Braid, I. C. and Hillyard, R. C. "Geometric modelling in ALGOL 68" pp168-174 Abstract
in [Proceedings] (1977) Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 conference Glasgow, Scotland 1977
Craven, P. G. (1977) Craven, P. G. "Derivatives without tears in Algol 68" pp19-26 Abstract
in [Proceedings] (1977) Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 conference Glasgow, Scotland 1977
Foster, J. (1977) Foster, J. M. and Foster, P. D. Abstract data and functors pp161-167 Abstract
in [Proceedings] (1977) Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 conference Glasgow, Scotland 1977
(1977) Grune, Dick Towards the design of a super-language of ALGOL 68 for the Standard Prelude (Excerpt) pp78-81 Abstract
in [Proceedings] (1977) Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 conference Glasgow, Scotland 1977
Hennell, M. A.; Hedley, D.; Woodward, M. R. (1977) Hennell, M. A.; Hedley, D.; Woodward, M. R. "Quantifying the test effectiveness of Algol 68 programs" pp36-41 Abstract
in [Proceedings] (1977) Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 conference Glasgow, Scotland 1977
Housden, R.J.W. (1977) Housden, R.J.W. and Kotarski, N. Character string pattern matching in Algol 68 pp144-152 Abstract
in [Proceedings] (1977) Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 conference Glasgow, Scotland 1977
(1977) Houssais, Bernard Verification of an Algol 68 implementation pp117-128 Abstract
in [Proceedings] (1977) Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 conference Glasgow, Scotland 1977
Hunter, R. B.; McGettrick, A. D.; Patel, R. (1977) Hunter, R. B.; McGettrick, A. D.; Patel, R. "LL versus LR parsing with illustrations from ALGOL 68" pp49-53
in [Proceedings] (1977) Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 conference Glasgow, Scotland 1977
Koch, Wilfried and Oeters, Christoph (1977) Koch, Wilfried and Oeters, Christoph "The Berlin ALGOL 68 implementation" pp102-108 Abstract
in [Proceedings] (1977) Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 conference Glasgow, Scotland 1977
Pagan, Frank G. (1977) Pagan, Frank G. "Algol 68 as an implementation language for portable interpreters" pp54-62 Abstract
in [Proceedings] (1977) Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 conference Glasgow, Scotland 1977
Prudom, A.; and Hennell, M. A. (1977) Prudom, A.; and Hennell, M. A. "Some problems concerning the automatic translation of Fortran to Algol 68" pp138-143
in [Proceedings] (1977) Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 conference Glasgow, Scotland 1977
(1977) Ratcliff, Bryan ALGOL 68 and structured programming for learner-programmers pp157-160 Abstract
in [Proceedings] (1977) Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 conference Glasgow, Scotland 1977
Rayward-Smith, V. (1977) Rayward-Smith, V. J. Using procedures in list processing pp179-183 Abstract
in [Proceedings] (1977) Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 conference Glasgow, Scotland 1977
Simonet, M. (1977) Simonet, M. An attribute description of a subset of Algol 68 pp129-137 Abstract
in [Proceedings] (1977) Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 conference Glasgow, Scotland 1977
Sz�ke, P�ter (1977) Sz�ke, P�ter "Some remarks on new instances and garbage collection" pp42-48 Abstract
in [Proceedings] (1977) Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 conference Glasgow, Scotland 1977
Taupin, Daniel (1977) Taupin, Daniel "The ALGOL 68 compiler of Paris-XI University (Orsay)" pp109-116 Abstract
in [Proceedings] (1977) Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 conference Glasgow, Scotland 1977
van der Meulen, S. G. (1977) van der Meulen, S. G. "ALGOL 68 might-have-beens" pp1-18 Abstract
in [Proceedings] (1977) Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 conference Glasgow, Scotland 1977
van Vliet, J. (1977) van Vliet, J. C. Towards a machine-independent transput section pp71-77 Abstract
in [Proceedings] (1977) Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 conference Glasgow, Scotland 1977
Vansina, C. F. (1977) Vansina, C. F. "Description of dynamic manipulation of ALGOL68 values using a generative grammar." pp63-70 Abstract
in [Proceedings] (1977) Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 conference Glasgow, Scotland 1977

1978

Bowlden, H.J. (1978) Bowlden, H.J. "An introduction to Algol 68"
in [HOPL I] (1979) SIGPLAN Notices 14(04) April 1979 including The first ACM SIGPLAN conference on History of programming languages (HOPL) Los Angeles, CA, June 1-3, 1978
Sammet, Jean E (1978) Sammet, Jean E "Roster of programming languages for 1976-77" pp56-85
in [SIGPLAN] (1978) SIGPLAN Notices 13(11) Nov 1978
Tanenbaum, AS (1978) Tanenbaum, AS "A comparison of PASCAL and ALGOL 68" Abstract Online copy
in (1978) The Computer Journal 21(4)

1979

McGettrick, Andrew D. (1979) McGettrick, Andrew D. "Aspects of the ALGOL 68 mode structure" pp62-77 Abstract
in [SIGPLAN] (1979) SIGPLAN Notices 14(07) July 1979
Pagan, FG (1979) Pagan, FG "ALGOL 68 as a metalanguage for denotational semantics" Abstract Online copy
in (1979) The Computer Journal 22(1)
Schwartz, R. L. and D. M. Berry (1979) Schwartz, R. L. and D. M. Berry "A semantic view of ALGOL 68"
in (1979) Computer Languages 4(1)

1980

Garside, GR and Pintelas, PE (1980) Garside, GR and Pintelas, PE "An ALGOL 68 package for implementing graph algorithms" pp. 237-242 Abstract Online copy Abstract Extract: Introduction
in (1980) The Computer Journal 23(3) 1980
Hoare, CAR (1980) Hoare, CAR "The Emperor's Old Clothes" the ACM Turing Award lecture, 1980 Extract: The birth of Algol 68
in [ACM] (1981) [ACM] CACM 24(02) February 1981

1993

Bulyonkov, Mikhail A.; Rar, Alexandre F. and Terek (1993) Bulyonkov, Mikhail A.; Rar, Alexandre F. and Terekhov, Andrey N. "Algol 68 - 25 years in USSR" Online copy
in Alberts, G. (ed) (1993) Alberts, G. (ed) "Conference on the history of ALGOL 68" CWI, Amsterdam 1993
(1993) IEEE Oral History Interview with Ernst Denert 1993 Extract: Algol 68
Meertens, L. (1993) Meertens, L. "The design of elegant languages" pp53-64
in Alberts, G. (ed) (1993) Alberts, G. (ed) "Conference on the history of ALGOL 68" CWI, Amsterdam 1993

1996

C.H. Lindsey (1996) C.H. Lindsey "A HISTORY OF ALGOL 68"
in [HOPL] (1996) "History of Programming Languages", ACM Press/Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, New York (1996) ed Bergin and Gibson
Koster, Cornelis H. A. (1996) Koster, Cornelis H. A. "The Making of Algol 68" pp55-67 Extract: The Committee Extract: Mending the fences Extract: The North-Berwick meeting Extract: The IFIP 1968 Congress Extract: Towards Munich Extract: And after
in [Proceedings] (1996) Proceedings of the Second International Andrei Ershov Memorial Conference on Perspectives of System Informatics LNCS 1161 Springer-Verlag, 1996
Ritchie, Dennis M. (1996) Ritchie, Dennis M. "The development of the C programming language" in "History of Programming Languages", ACM Press/Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, New York (1996) ed Bergin and Gibson

1998

Koster, C H :A Shorter History of Algol 68 (1998) Koster, C H :A Shorter History of Algol 68", nd retrieved 1998 Online copy

2002

Bauer (2002) Bauer, Friedrich L. "My Years with Rutishauser" pdf Extract: Introduction Extract: Rutishauser’s way to Stiefel Extract: Stanislaus, Klammerausdr�cke, ALGOL Extract: Algol 60 and 68
in (2002) Latsis Symposium 2002 on the 50th Anniversary of the Conjugate Gradient Algorithm
George Gray (2002) George Gray "UNIVAC and ALGOL" Unisys History Newsletter 6(2) June 2002 Extract: Information Online copy at UNISIS History

Resources

Search in:Google Google scholar World Cat Yahoo Overture Teoma Alta Vista All the web Voila DBLP Monash bib NZ IEEE ACM portal CiteSeer CSB ncstrl jstor Bookfinder