H ? «‹←→›»

Language peer sets for ALGOL 60:
International↑
International/1959↑
Designed 1959 ↑
1950s languages ↑
Second generation↑
Early Cold War↑
Genus True ALGOL60s ↑
Numerical Scientific ↑
True ALGOL60s↑
Generation of Algol 60↑
Algol family ↑
True ALGOL60s/1959↑
Generation of Algol 60/1959↑
Algol family/1959↑
True ALGOL60s/International↑
Generation of Algol 60/International↑
Algol family/International↑
Numerical Scientific ↑
Numerical Scientific/1959↑
Numerical Scientific/aa ↑

ALGOL 60(ID:1807/alg020)

Algorithm Language 

alternate simple view
Country: International
Designed 1959
Published: 1960
Genus: True ALGOL60s
Sammet category: Numerical Scientific

A portable (international) language for scientific (mathematical) computations.

ALGOL 60 is small and elegant. It is block-structured, nested, recursive, and free-form. It was also the first language to be described in BNF (Backus-Naur Form). There are three lexical representations: hardware, reference, and publication. The only structured data types are arrays, but they are permitted to have lower bounds and could be dynamic. It also has conditional expressions, it introduced =, if, then, else ; very general "for' loops, switch declaration. Parameters are call-by-name and call-by-value. It has static local "own" variables. It lacks user-defined types, character manipulation and standard I/O.

Structures:
Related languages
ALGOL 58→ALGOL 60   Evolution of
BNF→ALGOL 60   Spec written in
  ALGOL 60→ABC ALGOL Extension of
  ALGOL 60→ABS12 ALGOL Extension of
  ALGOL 60→Active Language I Written using
  ALGOL 60→AED Extension of
  ALGOL 60→AL Based on
  ALGOL 60→A-language Influence
  ALGOL 60→ALCOR Subset
  ALGOL 60→ALGAMC Extension of
  ALGOL 60→ALGEK Evolution of
  ALGOL 60→Algol 1620 Port
  ALGOL 60→Algol 205 Influence
  ALGOL 60→ALGOL 30 Implementation
  ALGOL 60→Algol 50 Extension of
  ALGOL 60→Algol 60 Publishing Co-development
  ALGOL 60→ALGOL 60 Revised Evolution of
  ALGOL 60→Algol 62 Extension of
  ALGOL 60→ALGOL C Extension of
  ALGOL 60→ALGOL C Extension of
  ALGOL 60→ALGOL N Successor
  ALGOL 60→ALGOL(E) Dialect of
  ALGOL 60→ALGOL/ZAM Implementation
  ALGOL 60→ALGOL-GENIUS Dialect of
  ALGOL 60→ALGOL-M Based on
  ALGOL 60→ALPHA Dialect of
  ALGOL 60→ANALITIK Influence
  ALGOL 60→APDL Extension of
  ALGOL 60→ASGOL Extension of
  ALGOL 60→BABEL Subset
  ALGOL 60→BASIC Incorporated features of
  ALGOL 60→BETA Dialect of
  ALGOL 60→Case ALGOL Implementation
  ALGOL 60→Chinese Algol Implementation
  ALGOL 60→CONA Augmentation of
  ALGOL 60→COWSEL Negative moderate Influence
  ALGOL 60→DECAL Subset
  ALGOL 60→Denert Extension of
  ALGOL 60→DG/L Implementation of
  ALGOL 60→DIAMAG Augmentation of
  ALGOL 60→ECMA ALGOL Subset
  ALGOL 60→EL1 Influence
  ALGOL 60→Elliott ALGOL Implementation
  ALGOL 60→EMIDEC Algol Implementation
  ALGOL 60→EULER Evolution of
  ALGOL 60→Extended ALGOL Augmentation of
  ALGOL 60→FLEX Influence
  ALGOL 60→Forsythe Influence
  ALGOL 60→GEA Extension of
  ALGOL 60→Generalized ALGOL Extension of
  ALGOL 60→Glypnir Extension of
  ALGOL 60→GOGOL Implementation
  ALGOL 60→GPL Augmentation of
  ALGOL 60→GSP Extension of
  ALGOL 60→IFIP ALGOL Subset
  ALGOL 60→IMP Extension of
  ALGOL 60→Irons syntax language compiler for
  ALGOL 60→Kidsgrove Algol Implementation
  ALGOL 60→LEAP Augmentation of
  ALGOL 60→LITHP Extension of
  ALGOL 60→LOGOL Extension of
  ALGOL 60→LOTIS Incorporated some features of
  ALGOL 60→LPL Derivation of
  ALGOL 60→MALGOL Implementation
  ALGOL 60→MLISP Derivation of
  ALGOL 60→NU ALGOL Implementation
  ALGOL 60→NUCOL Influence
  ALGOL 60→OSL Dialect of
  ALGOL 60→PALGO Augmentation of
  ALGOL 60→PL360 Influence
  ALGOL 60→Process Control Algol Extension of
  ALGOL 60→PROTOL Dialect of
  ALGOL 60→PSYCO dialect of
  ALGOL 60→REDUCE Derivation of
  ALGOL 60→RegneCentralen ALGOL Implementation
  ALGOL 60→Relay method Extension of
  ALGOL 60→Schrader simulation Algol Extension of
  ALGOL 60→SIMON Based on
  ALGOL 60→SIMULA Extension of
  ALGOL 60→SMALGOL Subset
  ALGOL 60→SNOBOL-A Subset
  ALGOL 60→SOL Extension of
  ALGOL 60→SYMBAL Derivation of
  ALGOL 60→Syncretic Extension of
  ALGOL 60→TALK Extension of
  ALGOL 60→The New Language Influence
  ALGOL 60→Triplex Algol 60 Extension of
  ALGOL 60→USS 90 Algol Implementation
  ALGOL 60→VALGOL Implementation
  ALGOL 60→X1 Algol 60 Implementation
References:

1960

  • Naur, P. et al (1960) Naur, P. et al "Report on the algorithmic language ALGOL 60"
          in [ACM] (1960) [ACM] CACM 3(05) May 1960
  • Naur et al (1960) Naur, P. et al "Report on the algorithmic language ALGOL 60"
          in Goodman (ed) (1961) Goodman, Richard (ed) "Annual Review in Automatic Programming" (2) 1961 Pergamon Press, Oxford
  • Woodger, M (1960) Woodger, M "An introduction to ALGOL 60" pp67-75 Abstract
          in (1960) The Computer Journal 3(2) July 1960

1961

  • Bagley, PR (1961) Bagley, PR "Improving problem-oriented language by stratifying it" pp217-221
          in (1961) The Computer Journal 4(3) October 1961
  • Ershov, A. P. (1961) Ershov, A. P. "Avtomatizacija programmirovanija sbor-nik perevodov" [Automatic programming. A collection of translations covering FORTRAN, UNICODE, SOAP, IT and ALGOL] Moscow 1961.
  • Naur, Peter (1961) Naur, Peter "The Progress of ALGOL in Europe" Extract: Introduction Extract: The Central European Group (ALCOR) Extract: The Dutch Group Extract: The Scandinavian Group Extract: Independent Centers Extract: General Trends Extract: Conclusion
          in [Proceedings] (1961) Proceedings of the 1961 Computer Applications Symposium, Armour Research Foundation, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
  • Rutishauser (1961) Rutishauser, H. "Interference With An Algol Procedure" pp67-76
          in Goodman (ed) (1961) Goodman, Richard (ed) "Annual Review in Automatic Programming" (2) 1961 Pergamon Press, Oxford

1962

  • Barron (1962) Barron, D. W. review of Goodman, Richard (ed) "Annual Review in Automatic Programming", Vol. 2 Abstract Extract: ALGOL 60, MADCAP II, ELLIOTT Autocode
          in [Computer Bulletin] (1962) The Computer Bulletin June 1962
  • d'Agapeyeff, A.; (1962) d'Agapeyeff, A.; "Current developments in commercial automatic programming" pp107-111 Abstract Extract: The properties of data Extract: ALGOL
          in (1962) The Computer Journal 5(2) July 1962

1963

1964

1965

  • Fano, Robert (1965) Fano, Robert "The MAC system: a progress report" pp131-150
          in Sass, M. (1965) Sass, M. and W. Wilkinson, eds. Computer Augmentation of Human Reasoning Spartan Books, Washington, D.C., 1965
  • Rosen (1965) Rosen, Saul review of Burnett-Hall et al 1964 "Computer Programming and Autocodes" Mathematics of Computation, Vol. 19, No. 89 (Apr., 1965), 168-169. Extract: Review

1967

1969

1970

  • Berry, Daniel M. (1970) Berry, Daniel M. "The importance of implementation models in ALGOL 68: or how to discover the concept of necessary environment" pp14-24 Extract: doi Abstract Extract: THe necesary environment
          in [SIGPLAN] (1970) SIGPLAN Notices 5(09) September 1970
  • Harrison, Malcolm C (1970) Harrison, Malcolm C "Data-structures and programming" New York: Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences 1970

1972

1973

  • (1973) Computer Oral History Collection, 1969-1973, 1977 Interviewee: Morton Bernstein Interviewer: Robina Mapstone Date: March 14, 1973 Archives Center, National Museum of American History Extract: IAL, Algol 58, Algol 60
  • Elson, M. (1973) Elson, M. Concept of programming languages, Science Research Associates, Palo Alto, Calif., 1973

1974

  • Peterson, W. (1974) Peterson, W. W. Introduction to programming languages, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1974

1975

  • Nicholls, J. (1975) Nicholls, J. E. The structure and design of programming languages, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass., 1975
  • Pratt; T. (1975) Pratt; T. W. Programming languages: Design and implementation Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs N.J., 1975

1976

  • (1976) The Higher Order Language Working Group (HOLWG) Working Paper on 23 exisitng programming languages
  • Wichmann, B. A. (1976) Wichmann, B. A. "Ackermann's function: a study in the efficiency of calling procedures" BIT 16 (1976), pp103-110 Abstract Extract: Introduction Extract: Ackermann's function Extract: Acknowledgements Extract: Results of tests (altered to include authors where known) Extract: Program listing Extract: Properties of the algorithm Extract: Notes on the results and Factors influencing the execution speed Extract: Conclusion

1977

  • Barron, D. (1977) Barron, D. W. An introduction to the study of programming languages, Cambridge Univ. Press, N.Y., 1977
  • Tucker, Allen B., JR. (1977) Tucker, Allen B., JR. Programming languages. McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, 1977

1978

  • Gries, D. (1978) Gries, D. "ALGOL 60 language summary"
          in [HOPL I] (1979) SIGPLAN Notices 14(04) April 1979 including The first ACM SIGPLAN conference on History of programming languages (HOPL) Los Angeles, CA, June 1-3, 1978
  • Naur, Peter (1978) Naur, Peter "The European side of the last phase of the development of ALGOL 60"
          in [HOPL I] (1979) SIGPLAN Notices 14(04) April 1979 including The first ACM SIGPLAN conference on History of programming languages (HOPL) Los Angeles, CA, June 1-3, 1978
  • Perlis, Alan J. (1978) Perlis, Alan J. "The American side of the development of ALGOL"
          in [HOPL I] (1979) SIGPLAN Notices 14(04) April 1979 including The first ACM SIGPLAN conference on History of programming languages (HOPL) Los Angeles, CA, June 1-3, 1978
  • Sammet, Jean E (1978) Sammet, Jean E "Roster of programming languages for 1976-77" pp56-85
          in [SIGPLAN] (1978) SIGPLAN Notices 13(11) Nov 1978

1979

  • Pagan, F. G. (1979) Pagan, F. G. "Semantic Specification Using Two-Level Grammars: Blocks, Procedures and Parameters"
          in (1979) Computer Languages 4(3-4)

1980

  • Hoare, CAR (1980) Hoare, CAR "The Emperor's Old Clothes" the ACM Turing Award lecture, 1980 Extract: The birth of Algol 68
          in [ACM] (1981) [ACM] CACM 24(02) February 1981

1981

  • Naur, Peter (1981) Naur, Peter "Aad van Wiingaarden's contributions to ALGOL 60" in Algorithmic languages, Proc. IFIP TC-2 International Symposium (Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1981), J. W. de Bakker and J. C. van Vliet (Eds.), Elsevier North-Holland, Inc., New York, 1981, pp293-304.

1982

  • Adams, J. (1982) Adams, J. M. review of Naur 1981 (Algol 60) in ACM Computing Reviews October 1982 Abstract
  • Allen, F. (1982) Allen, F. and Schwartz, J. review of Sammet and Lee HOPL conference end banquet excerpts Abstract
          in (1982) ACM Computing Reviews March 1982
  • Rem, M. (1982) Rem, M. review of Naur 1978 Abstract
          in (1982) ACM Computing Reviews March 1982
  • Smillie, K. (1982) Smillie, K. W. review of Perlis 1978 Abstract

1984

2001

  • Bauer (2001) Bauer, Friedrich L. "A computer pioneer's talk: pioneering work in software during the 50s in Central Europe" Extract: Introduction Extract: How did software arise? Extract: Early Work in Munich and Zurich Extract: The Kellerprinzip
          in [History of computing: software issues] (2002) "History of computing: software issues" Hashagen, Ulf; Keil-Slawik, Reinhard; Norberg, Arthur L. eds Proceedings of the international conference on History of computing: software issues 2002, Paderborn, Germany April 05 - 07, 2000 Springer 2002
  • Bauer (2001) Bauer, Friedrich L. "From the Stack Principle to Algol" Extract: Introduction to Zuse's PLankalkul Extract: Influence by Shannon Extract: sequential formula translation Extract: Recursion and the cellar principle Extract: arrival of Algol Extract: Mainz 22 and algol 58 Extract: ICIP, BNF, stack notation Extract: British hostility and absence, ZMD excellence Extract: Paris Conference Extract: The ALCOR Group Extract: Algol 58 and the death of Algol
          in [Computer Pioneers] (2001) Software Pioneers: Contributions to Software Engineering, Bonn, 28-29. 6. 2001 eds Broy, Manfred and Denert, Ernst Springer 2002

2002

  • Bauer (2002) Bauer, Friedrich L. "My Years with Rutishauser" pdf Extract: Introduction Extract: Rutishauser’s way to Stiefel Extract: Stanislaus, Klammerausdrücke, ALGOL Extract: Algol 60 and 68
          in (2002) Latsis Symposium 2002 on the 50th Anniversary of the Conjugate Gradient Algorithm
  • George Gray (2002) George Gray "UNIVAC and ALGOL" Unisys History Newsletter 6(2) June 2002 Extract: Information Online copy at UNISIS History
  • (2002) Library of Congress Subject Headings A24

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