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BASIC(ID:176/bas009)

Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code  

alternate simple view
Country: United States
Designed 1963
Published: 1963
Genus: Dartmouth Basics
Sammet category: On-Line

Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
Dartmouth College 1963-1964

Language originally designed for Dartmouth's experimental timesharing system in the early 1960's.

Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. John G. Kemeny & Thomas E. Kurtz, Dartmouth College, designed 1963, first ran on an GE255 on May 1, 1964

Contrary to popular belief, the original BASIC was a powerful and elegant hybrid of the best notios of progamming amthematical expressions, as is witnessed by the fact that the first published example solved differential equations! (See below) Kemeny was a highly respected maths educator, who pioneered the "new math" in the 60s. Also not a backwards engineered acronym.

For the skeptics, they only have to look at the literature, and see how scientific, engineering, statistical and artificial intelligence programs were written in BASIC. In particular, attention should be paid to the three volume statistical and engineering work by Fred Ruckdeschel published by Byte. HP test equipment featured Rocky Mountain BASIC, while other embedded basics ran a large number of machines as an alternative to FORTH (when the ROM BASIC was removed fromt he original PCs, for years afterwards absence of an operating system was announced as "ROM BASIC not loaded").

Kemeny and Kurtz themselves distinguished between their "True BASIC" (which featured matrix manipulation before other mainstream languages) and what they termed "Street BASIC" which was basically a manufacturer's hack.




People:
Related languages
ALGOL 60→BASIC   Incorporated features of
CORC→BASIC   Slight Influence
DART→BASIC   Influence
DOPE→BASIC   Influence
FORTRAN II→BASIC   Incorporated some features of
JOSS→BASIC   positive partial Influence
  BASIC→ABASIC Implementation
  BASIC→ACOS Extension of
  BASIC→ANSI BASIC Standardisation
  BASIC→Applesoft BASIC Implementation
  BASIC→Astro Basic Implementation
  BASIC→B Influence
  BASIC→Basic-80 Implementation
  BASIC→BASIC-PLUS Extension of
  BASIC→BASYS Extension of
  BASIC→BEDSOCS Extension of
  BASIC→BPL Augmentation of
  BASIC→CABALA Extension of
  BASIC→COMAL Evolution of
  BASIC→DARK BASIC Implementation
  BASIC→Dartmouth BASIC Alias
  BASIC→dataBASIC Augmentation of
  BASIC→EBasic Implementation
  BASIC→Force III Incorporated some features of
  BASIC→FORDESK Influence
  BASIC→GRASS Extension of
  BASIC→LSE Extension of
  BASIC→MINIMAL BASIC Subset
  BASIC→NBS Extension of
  BASIC→PBasic Extension of
  BASIC→RASP Extension of
  BASIC→S-Basic Extension of
  BASIC→SEBOL Augmentation of
  BASIC→SQURL Influence
  BASIC→SuperBasic Implementation
  BASIC→SuperBasic Implementation
  BASIC→True BASIC Evolution of
  BASIC→UBASIC Extension of
  BASIC→UNBASIC Extension of
  BASIC→UWBIC Implementation
  BASIC→VAL Extension of
  BASIC→VAX Basic Extension of
  BASIC→VS BASIC Augmentation of
  BASIC→XBASIC Extension of
References:

1964

  • (1964) "BASIC Summary Card", Dartmouth 1964 Extract: Page 1 Extract: Page 2
  • (1964) "BASIC: A Manual for BASIC, the elementary algebraic language designed for use with the Dartmouth Time Sharing System" 1 October 1964 pdf Picture: The first page of instruction in the original Dartmouth Manual

1966

  • [GEC] (1966) 'BASIC' Language Reference Manual, General Electric Information Systems Division (Sept., 1966, revised).
  • Kemeny, J. (1966) Kemeny, J. G. and Kurtz, T. E., BASIC (User's Manual) (3rd ed.), Dartmouth College Computation Center, Hanover, N. H. (Jan., 1966).
  • Kenemy, J.G. (1966) Kenemy, J.G. "The Computer at Dartmouth"
          in Orr (ed) (1968) Orr, William (ed) "Conversational Computing", 1968
  • Wood, L. H., Reinfelds, J., Seitz, R. N, and Clem, (1966) Wood, L. H., Reinfelds, J., Seitz, R. N, and Clem, P. L., Jr. "The AMTRAN System" pp22-27 Extract: General philosophy Extract: Conclusion Extract: Other conversational mode systems Extract: Hardware Configuration
          in (1966) Datamation 12(10) Oct 1966

1967

  • Kemeny, J. (1967) Kemeny, J. G. and Kurtz, T. E., BASIC Programming. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1967.
  • Sammet, Jean E., (1967) Sammet, Jean E., "Roster of Programming Languages 1967"
          in (1967) Computers & Automation 16(6) June 1967

1969

  • Albany, A. E. J. (1969) Albany, A. E. J. "FORDESK IV - The Design and Implementation of a FORTRAN IV Interpreter" Abstract Extract: COMPARISONS WITH BASIC AND AID
          in [Proceedings] (1969) Proceedings of the Fourth Australian Computer Conference Adelaide, South Australia, 1969
  • Rice, John K. and Rice, John R. (1969) Rice, John K. and Rice, John R. "Introduction to computer science" New York Holt, Rinehart & Winston 1969

1971

  • (1971) "Kemeny and Kurz: Dartmouth's Time-Sharing System Captures College, Creates Confidence" Computers and Automation Feb 15 1971 Extract: Interview
  • Barron (1971) Barron, DW "Approaches to conversation FORTRAN" pp123-127 Abstract Extract: Introduction Extract: City Conversational FORTRAN
          in (1971) The Computer Journal 14(1) 1971
  • Stock (1971) Stock, Karl F. "A listing of some programming languages and their users" in RZ-Informationen. Graz: Rechenzentrum Graz 1971 37 Abstract

1972

  • Lee, J.A.N. (1972) Lee, J.A.N. "The formal definition of the BASIC language" Abstract
          in (1972) The Computer Journal 15(1) February 1972
  • Sammet (1972) Sammet, Jean E., "Roster of Programming Languages 1972" 33
          in (1972) Computers & Automation 21(6B), 30 Aug 1972

1973

  • Sammet, Jean E. (1973) Sammet, Jean E. "Roster of Programming Languages for 1973" p147
          in (1974) ACM Computing Reviews 15(04) April 1974
  • Stock and Stock (1973) Stock, Marylene and Stock, Karl F. "Bibliography of Programming Languages: Books, User Manuals and Articles from PLANKALKUL to PL/I" Verlag Dokumentation, Pullach/Munchen 1973 83 Abstract

1975

  • Hager, Oberita (1975) Hager, Oberita "An Evaluation of the Data Processing Program at Eastern Kentucky University"

1978

  • Kurz, T.E. (1978) Kurz, T.E. "BASIC"
          in [HOPL I] (1979) SIGPLAN Notices 14(04) April 1979 including The first ACM SIGPLAN conference on History of programming languages (HOPL) Los Angeles, CA, June 1-3, 1978
  • Lewis, T.G. (1978) Lewis, T.G. "BASIC language summary"
          in [HOPL I] (1979) SIGPLAN Notices 14(04) April 1979 including The first ACM SIGPLAN conference on History of programming languages (HOPL) Los Angeles, CA, June 1-3, 1978
  • Sammet, Jean E (1978) Sammet, Jean E "Roster of programming languages for 1976-77" pp56-85
          in [SIGPLAN] (1978) SIGPLAN Notices 13(11) Nov 1978

1982

  • Allen, F. (1982) Allen, F. and Schwartz, J. review of Sammet and Lee HOPL conference end banquet excerpts Abstract
          in (1982) ACM Computing Reviews March 1982
  • Steel, T. (1982) Steel, T. B. review of Wexelblat 1982 Abstract
          in (1982) ACM Computing Reviews March 1982
  • Tee, C. (1982) Tee, C. J. review of Kurtz 1978 Abstract
          in (1982) ACM Computing Reviews March 1982
  • Van Deusen, M. (1982) Van Deusen, M. review of Wexelblat 1982 Abstract
          in (1982) ACM Computing Reviews March 1982

1984

  • Kemeny, John G. and Kurtz, Thomas E. (1984) Kemeny, John G. and Kurtz, Thomas E. "Bringing up BASIC" Abstract Extract: Street BASIC Extract: Structured programming and bad BASICs
          in Ditlea, Steve (ed) (1984) Ditlea, Steve (ed) "Digital Deli: The Comprehensive, User-Lovable Menu of Computer Lore, Culture, Lifestyles and Fancy by The Lunch Group & Guests" Workman Publishers: New York, 1984.

1985

  • (1985) Kemeny, John G., Kurtz, Thomas E., Back to BASIC, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Reading MA, 1985.

2002

  • (2002) Library of Congress Subject Headings B3

Resources
  • List
  • From the BASIC article in Digital Deli
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